Asimov, Isaac editor. Before the Golden Age: A Science Fiction Anthology Of the 1930s. Doubleday & Company Inc., 1974
Nerdy, geeky,
cheesy, but endlessly fun. These are all words that come to mind when
thinking about Isaac Asimov’s Before the Golden Age anthology.
In 1974 the famous and prolific science-fiction writer put together
this collection of stories from the 1930’s. It is certainly worth a
good read for various reasons.
The
stories are framed by an autobiographical narrative by Asimov about
his high school years when he worked in his father’s candy store.
The store kept a stock of pulp science-fiction magazines which his
father thought were trash but they fascinated the young Asimov
anyways. In between each story, Asimov gives brief anecdotes about
his life along with commentaries and background information about
each selection. These were the stories that he found most memorable
and influential.
Common
themes emerge throughout the book. One of them is travel. It could be
said that most of these stories are actually adventure tales that
take place in a science-fiction setting. There is a proliferation of
space travel and time travel but a couple stories also deal with the
theme of shrinking down to subatomic size and traveling in the
smallest regions possible. A
lot of stories are claustrophobic as well. Many take place in
underground tunnels, domed cities, lonely laboratories and, most of
all, a whole host of various space-travel vessels. Isaac Asimov
admitted
to having a fascination for enclosed spaces so these themes might be
less of a particular literary pattern and more of a preference of the
editor himself.
Being
a science-fiction anthology, the prevalence of the hard sciences is
also a key element in all these stories. Biology, evolution, atomic
and mechanical physics, technological warfare, environmentalism,
robotics, and relativity all serve as the basis in one place or
another. These stories are science-fiction, though, with the emphasis
on the fiction. While the physical sciences frame
these writings, the plots
easily fly off into the wildest realms of fantasy and imagination.
Scientific accuracy takes a backseat to wild story telling. One
memorable story, “The World
Of the Red Sun”, involves
two men who travel into the future where a tyrant uses telepathy to
plant nightmarish delusions in peoples’ heads, making it easy to
control them with fear; the time travelers learn that the despot is
motivated by deeply rooted
insecurity and narcissism, so they start laughing at him thereby
weakening him to the point where he is easy to kill. Here
we get a little social commentary on the psychology of bullying,
making me wonder if the author had a particular person in mind when
writing the story. And wouldn’t it be great if we could destroy
Donald Trump simply by laughing him into oblivion?
Another story, “Born
Of the Sun”, is about how
the Earth and moon are actually eggs containing flying green monsters
that cause an apocalypse as they start to emerge from the shells; two
men and a woman build a space craft so they can leave and begin
repopulating the human race in outer space while a doomsday
religious cult tries to stop
them. Towards the end, another story, “Other
Eyes Watching”, possibly a precursor of
Stanislaw Lem’s Solaris,
is about two astronauts who show up on Mars where a race of creatures
draw data out of their unconscious minds and use it to reproduce
twenty clones of themselves. They have to think quickly, using logic
and basic scientific knowledge to outsmart the clones and prove which
ones are not the real Earth-men. While scientific gadgetry plays a
central part in these stories, many of them pose puzzles that need to
be solved with a bit of psychology rather than brute force. That
brains-over-brawn element is what separates science-fiction in its
highest and truest sense from the less exciting pulp
stories of people with ray
guns fighting bug-eyed
monster aliens.
In
addition to the science-based wild imagination of each story, there
is also some cultural baggage of the time that finds its way in. The
1930’s saw the last days of the Prohibition era, the onset of the
Great Depression, and the
rise of fascism in Europe
too. It was a bleak time for America. These
short stories are undoubtedly escapist but escapism can indicate
what it is the authors and readers were escaping
from. The idea of all-pervading loneliness, alienation,
and mediocrity is mentioned
by the narrators. Many of these scientists are lone individuals who
work in solitary laboratories while being ignored by the rest of the
world. Using a motif rooted in the telling of classic fairy tales,
the ordinary man travels to another world and becomes transformed
into somebody extraordinary by embarking on colorful adventures that
result in heroic status at the end as he saves the lives of space
aliens, subatomic humans, or even ordinary humans in some cases. One
sad and lonely guy even falls
in love with a female fur-ball with purple eyes and giant lips when
he travels to the moon which is far more exciting than his life in
Texas as a high school math teacher.
On
the downside, the worst cultural baggage in these stories is racism.
Many of the monsters and villains are racial caricatures, based on
negative and unfair stereotypes. In his commentaries, the
ever-Liberal Asimov rightly
criticizes this racism which was all too common in that era. But
rather than simply dismissing it outright, he uses these stories as
examples of how to spot racism in literature, explaining
why it is harmful and why
it needs to be avoided in future science-fiction writing.
The
stories in this anthology vary in quality but they do not vary
greatly. The are easy enough to read but there are a lot of them.
Retro junkies and fans of vintage culture will find a lot to like
here. Most significantly, you can read this literature as one of the
starting points that would eventually lead to comics, tv shows like
Star Trek and The Outer Limits, movies like Star Wars and the whole
plethora of sci-fi books that have been produced up until now.