Sunday, February 17, 2019

Kilroy Was Here: The Cryptic Graffiti of World War II


      The design was simple. A straight line with a bald egg-shaped half head with two pinpoint eyes on the top, a long nose resembling a load of French bread hanging down below the line like a flaccid phallus, and four fingers hanging down over the line as well on either side. That was all. Scrawled on the side were the words “Kilroy Was Here.” During World War II this simple graffito appears in theaters of war all across rhe world. It mostly came to be associated with the American military, though in actuality it was scrawled on walls by soldiers from all the countries of the allied powers. No one knows who, where or why Kilroy began appearing but most likely this famous graffiti did not originate in America.
     So what could be the possible origins of Kilroy? England is the most plausible answer. The English people themselves do not call Kilroy by his American name but actually refer to him as Chad, among other names. If we were to trace the simple figure of Chad back a few thousand years, we could plausibly note its resemblance to the Greek letter omega, a symbol used by Great Britain’s Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers; they used the omega symbol as shorthand for an alternating current which can also be written as a straight line with a sine wave through it. It is rumored that engineers at that particular institution used to draw the omega letter with plus and minus signs for eyes, indicating a positive and negative charge. This would sometimes be drawn with the words “Wot no leave?’ beside its head. The Chad figure also resembles Alice the Goon, a cartoon character in the Popeye comics of the 1930s, drawn by a comic artist named George Edward Chatterton; people called him “Chat” for short and this nickname could possibly have transmuted into “Chad.”
     The link that takes Chad into the heart of World War II goes directly into Britain during the time of food rationing. The round-headed and long-nosed figure began appearing on walls throughout London with the caption saying “Wot no bread?” or other gripes against the insufficient diets being forced on the English people.
     At some point American servicemen, as well as troops from other nations, took on the practice of leaving their territorial mark of graffiti wherever they went. The figure of Chad began appearing on bathroom walls, sides of ships, public buildings and anywhere else you might imagine. As a symbol taken on by Americans, the captioned complaint written besides the man’s head was replaced by the phrase “Kilroy Was Here.” What was especially perplexing was the way the drawing appeared in places before American troops actually arrived as if some joker snuck off the ship and scrawled the doodle on something to greet them. It was as if the artist wanted to prank the fighters by saying “look I got here before you did.” One notorious sighting located Kilroy on a giant rock on Bikini Island; the air force arrived there to test their nuclear bombs before moving on to Nagasaki and Hiroshima and there it was to welcome them ashore. Kilroy also showed up in other inaccessible places like inside sealed off sections of ships’ hulls, inside air ducts, or on the bodies of airplanes which were only accessible to people with high security clearances. During the Potsdam conference of 1945, Joseph Stalin came out of the bathroom and asked who Kilroy was; apprently someone had written a Kilroy Was Here in the stall of the VIP men’s room, giving the dictator something to wonder about while he sat on the toilet.
     Historians of the war have tracked down the name of “Kilroy” and come up with two possibilities as to who he was. An American shipyard inspector named James J. Kilroy is one culprit. The all-too-obvious conclusion is that he wrote the words and symbol on the sides of ships to indicate that he had completed his inspection and the boat was ready to go. Another suspect is one Sgt. Francis J. Kilroy who came down with the flu when he was scheduled to arrive at an air force base in Florida. To indicate his delayed arrival, somebody wrote “Kilroy will be here next week’ on the barracks wall. Kilroy later died in the hospital and his grief stricken friend from the bed beside him was sent off to sea on a warship. He began writing “Kilroy was here” with chalk on walls to commemorate the death of his comrade. Then the graffiti spread like wildfire, probably being written by people who had no idea what it meant.
     Historians appear not to have every found anybody who claims to have drawn the symbol during wartime.
     Did it mean anything? Adolf Hitler convinced himself that the Kilroy/Chad figure was being used as code by spies since it kept showing up on the allies’ equipment seized by the Germans. He sent a couple too many men to search out information about what message it intended to send, only to have them come back without any useful theories. Maybe that is why the graffiti caught on; the human mind has an unrelenting capacity to see patterns where they do not actually exist. Many hard thinkers have spent countless hours of time pursuing the meanings of fruitless mysteries that lead them to dead-ends, the tortured logic of conspiracy theories or goofy conclusions that do not make any sense to anyone but themselves.

Reisner, Robert. Graffiti: Two Thousand Years of Wall Writing. H. Regnery Co., 1971.











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